Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark, velvety patches of skin that usually appear on the neck, armpits, groin, and other skin folds. It can also occur on the hands, elbows, knees, or face. The affected skin can be thick, rough, and sometimes itchy. Acanthosis nigricans can occur in both men and women of any age but is more common in people who are overweight or have insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
Causes
Acanthosis nigricans is caused by an increase in insulin levels, which can stimulate the growth of skin cells and increase the production of melanin. This increase in insulin levels can be due to obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, or certain medications.
Symptoms
The main symptom of acanthosis nigricans is the appearance of dark, thick, and velvety patches of skin, usually on the neck, armpits, groin, and other skin folds. The affected skin may also have a rough texture or may itch. In some cases, the skin may also have a foul odor.
Types
There are several types of acanthosis nigricans, including:
- Type 1: This type occurs in people with insulin resistance, usually due to obesity or type 2 diabetes.
- Type 2: This type occurs in people who do not have insulin resistance or diabetes but have a genetic predisposition to the condition.
- Drug-induced: This type occurs as a side effect of certain medications, such as hormones, growth factors, or chemotherapy drugs.
Treatment
There is no specific cure for acanthosis nigricans, but treating the underlying cause can improve the condition. For example, losing weight and improving blood sugar control can help improve acanthosis nigricans in people with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. In some cases, medications or topical treatments may be prescribed to help reduce the appearance of the patches. Dermabrasion, laser therapy, and chemical peels are also used to improve the appearance of affected skin.
Prevention
Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet can help prevent the development of acanthosis nigricans. Managing any underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or hormonal disorders, can also help prevent the condition. If you notice any changes in your skin, especially in the skin folds, consult with Dr. Raskin Bakersfield dermatologist. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the condition from getting worse.